In response to the critical national need to lead global climate governance and achieve the strategic goals of the “dual carbon” initiative, this research direction aims to design global climate policy mechanisms that balance mitigation and adaptation, as well as multidimensional costs and benefits, and to propose optimal multi-regional deployment pathways and strategies for coordinated climate-economic-social governance. Research topics include, but are not limited to: assessment of emission reduction costs and the social costs of carbon; research on climate mitigation policies and carbon leakage solutions; research on climate adaptation strategies; design of climate finance policies and evaluation of their implementation effectiveness; and “climate-economy-society” coordinated governance.